Actitudes, conocimiento y percepción del personal asistencial de centros geriátricos de larga duración sobre las expresiones sexuales de los residentes. Revisión sistemática / Attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of care staff in long-term care homes about residents’ sexual expressions. Systematic review

Las manifestaciones sexuales de los residentes de centros geriátricos de larga duración no suelen tenerse en cuenta e incluso son desalentadas por el personal asistencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las actitudes, los conocimientos y las percepciones del personal asistencial sobre dichas manifestaciones sexuales. Tras la consulta en distintas bases de datos, 10 artículos científicos publicados entre 2012 y 2022 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para formar parte de dicha revisión. Este trabajo ha permitido conocer y estructurar la insuficiente literatura científica referida a esta área concreta de la sexualidad en adultos mayores. Se concluye que existe escasa literatura científica y que las áreas revisadas son determinantes en el cuidado diario de adultos mayores institucionalizados. Ampliar en este campo de estudio permitirá crear programas de formación y afrontamiento de las conductas sexuales de los mayores institucionalizados por parte del personal asistencial. (AU)

The sexual manifestations of residents in long-term care facilities are often overlooked and even discouraged by care staff. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of caregivers’ attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of sexual expression. After consulting different databases, ten scientific articles published between 2012 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria to form part of this review. This work has made it possible to identify and structure the insufficient scientific literature on this specific area of sexuality in older adults. It is concluded that there is scarce scientific literature and that the areas reviewed are determinant in the daily care of institutionalised older adults. Expanding in this field of study will allow the creation of training programmes and the creation of programmes for the care staff to deal with the sexual behaviour of institutionalised older adults. (AU)

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para la detección de Abusos Sexuales Infantiles en personas adultas con adicción / Design and validation of a questionnaire for the detection of child sexual abuse in adults with addiction

Introducción y objetivos: el objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido diseñar y validar un cuestionario específico que evaluara el Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) en personas adultas con problemas de adicción. Materiales y método: se diseñó un cuestionario de 120 ítems que medía diferentes secuelas psicopatológicas que están presentes en personas que han sufrido ASI. Se realizó su validación con un grupo de expertos y un estudio piloto en el que participaron 151 personas (68 mujeres y 83 hombres), residentes en España. Para el análisis de datos se usaron diferentes métodos estadísticos. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que el cuestionario se podía reducir a 21 ítems logrando alcanzar unas adecuadas garantías psicométricas, tanto a nivel de validez como de fiabilidad (a = ,872). Conclusiones: El presente instrumento permite la detección de sintomatología relacionada con el ASI, permitiendo al clínico hacer una exploración más amplia en esta área para descartar ASI u otros trastornos y poder mejorar la planificación del tratamiento.(AU)

Introduction and objectives: the main objective of this work has been to design and validate a specific questionnaire to assess Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in adults with addiction problems. Materials and method: a 120-item questionnaire was designed to measure different psychopathological sequelae that are present in people who have suffered CSA. Validation was carried out with a group of experts and a pilot study in which 151 people (68 women and 83 men) residing in Spain participated. Different statistical methods were used for data analysis. Results: the results showed that the questionnaire could be reduced to 21 items, achieving adequate psychometric guarantees, both in terms of validity and reliability (a = ,872). Conclusions: The present instrument allows the detection of symptoms related to ASI, allowing the clinician to carry out a broader exploration in this area to rule out ASI or other disorders and to improve treatment planning.(AU)

[Attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of care staff in long-term care homes about residents' sexual expressions. Systematic review]. / Actitudes, conocimiento y percepción del personal asistencial de centros geriátricos de larga duración sobre las expresiones sexuales de los residentes. Revisión sistemática.

The sexual manifestations of residents in long-term care facilities are often overlooked and even discouraged by care staff. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of caregivers' attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of sexual expression. After consulting different databases, ten scientific articles published between 2012 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria to form part of this review. This work has made it possible to identify and structure the insufficient scientific literature on this specific area of sexuality in older adults. It is concluded that there is scarce scientific literature and that the areas reviewed are determinant in the daily care of institutionalised older adults. Expanding in this field of study will allow the creation of training programmes and the creation of programmes for the care staff to deal with the sexual behaviour of institutionalised older adults.

Novel sustainable magnetic material to improve the wireless charging of a lightweight drone.

Unmanned aerial vehicles are clear candidates to benefit from wireless power transfer, as it can facilitate their charging process and even allow them to charge autonomously. One common approach when designing a wireless power transfer (WPT) system is to incorporate ferromagnetic material to guide the magnetic field and improve system efficiency. However, a complex optimization calculation must be carried out to determine the positions and size of the ferromagnetic material and thereby restrict the additional weight imposed. This is severely limiting in the case of lightweight drones. To alleviate this burden, we show the feasibility of incorporating a novel sustainable magnetic material, called MagPlast 36-33, which has two main features. First, it is lighter than ferrite tiles and can therefore be used without having to consider complex geometries to reduce the weight. In addition, its manufacturing process is based on the principle of sustainability, since it is produced from recycled ferrite scrap generated in the industry. Its physical characteristics and properties mean that it can be used to improve the efficiency of the wireless charger, adding a weight lower than that of conventional ferrites. The experimental results we obtained in the laboratory demonstrate the feasibility of using this type of recycled material in lightweight drones operating at the frequency imposed by SAE J-2954. Furthermore, we have conducted a comparative analysis with a different ferromagnetic material commonly used in WPT systems, in order to verify the benefits of our proposal.

The Prevalence of the Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in the First and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy in a Sample of Spanish Women.

Sexuality is a central aspect for all human beings. Research into the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnant Spanish women is scarce. The aim of this work is to examine the prevalence of risk of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant Spanish women and determine in which trimester the greatest difficulties in sexual response occur. The sample consisted of 180 pregnant Spanish women, with an average age of 32.03 years (SD = 4.93). The participants completed a questionnaire for socio-demographic data, as well as the female sexual function index, the state/trait depression inventory, and the dyadic adjustment scale. The results indicate that the percentage of women with a risk of sexual dysfunction was 65% in the first trimester and 81.11% in the third trimester. Likewise, the highest score on the depression questionnaire was in the third trimester, and the couple's relationship also improved in the third trimester. To improve women's sex lives during pregnancy, it is recommended to increase sexual education and information for both pregnant women and their partners.

Actitudes sexuales y violencia en estudiantes de la Universidad de Huelva / Sexual attitudes and violence in students of the University of Huelva

Introducción: Las actitudes sexuales están relacionadas con las normas y costumbres que se consideran adecuadas según la época en la que se vive; suelen ser más restrictivas para las mujeres. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar de qué forma las actitudes sexuales (erotofilia-erotofobia y doble moral sexual) pueden predisponer hacia la violencia sexual (actitudes favorables a la violación). Material y métodos: La muestra está formada por 868 estudiantes de la Universidad de Huelva (723 mujeres y 145 hombres), con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 57 años. Se ha utilizado la Escala de Doble Moral, la Escala de Actitud Favorable a la Violación y la Encuesta Revisada de Opinión Sexual. Resultados: Las personas que se muestran más erotofílicas son las bisexuales (x̄=99,10) y las personas que se consideran de izquierda en política (x̄=96,91). Las puntuaciones más altas en doble moral las obtienen los hombres (x̄=18,50), estudiantes de máster (x̄=18,58), asexuales (x̄=20,50) y personas que se consideran de centro (x̄=18,24). En cuanto a actitudes favorables a la violación, se destacan los hombres (x̄=37,72), heterosexuales (x̄=33,29) y personas que se consideran de derecha (x̄=37,35). Las diferencias encontradas entre los grupos son estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Se confirma que las actitudes sexuales pueden predisponer a la violencia sexual, lo que muestra la necesidad de seguir trabajando en esta línea para así fomentar experiencias sexuales placenteras. (AU)

Introduction: Sexual attitudes are related to the norms and customs that are considered appropriate according to the era in which one lives, usually showing themselves more restrictive for women. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze how sexual attitudes (erotophilia-erotophobia and sexual double standards) may predispose to sexual violence (attitudes in favor of rape).Material and methods: The sample consisted of 868 students from the University of Huelva (723 women and 145 men), aged between 17 and 57 years. The Double Moral Scale, the Rape Favorable Attitude Scale and the Revised Sexual Opinion Survey were used. Results: People who are more erotophilic are bisexuals (x̄=99.10) and people who consider themselves left-wing in politics (x̄=96.91). The highest double standards scores are obtained by men (x̄=18.50), master's students (x̄=18.58), asexuals (x̄=20.50) and people who consider themselves centrist (x̄=18.24). In terms of pro-rape attitudes, men (x̄=37.72), heterosexuals (x̄=33.29) and people who consider themselves right-wing (x̄=37.35) stand out. The differences found between the groups are statistically significant. Conclusions: It is confirmed that sexual attitudes can predispose to sexual violence, which shows the need to continue working in this line in order to promote pleasurable sexual experiences. (AU)

Epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas: análisis de 101 pacientes / Idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Analysis of 101 patients

Introducción: Las epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas (EGI) son un síndrome electroclínico que comprende 4 subsíndromes según la clasificación de la ILAE 2017. El pronóstico a largo plazo de estos síndromes es incierto debido a la escasez y a la heterogeneidad de los estudios. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el pronóstico a largo plazo de estos síndromes, el tratamiento farmacológico y la recurrencia de crisis.MétodosEstudio observacional y retrospectivo de una serie de pacientes diagnosticados de EGI. Se recogieron variables demográficas, tratamiento farmacológico, libertad de crisis y recurrencia tras su retirada.ResultadosIncluimos 101 pacientes, la mayoría mujeres (56,4%), con una mediana de evolución de la epilepsia de 17 años (rango intercuartílico: 7-31). El síndrome más frecuente fue la epilepsia mioclónica juvenil (46,5%), seguido de la epilepsia con solo crisis tónico-clónicas generalizadas (25,7%), la epilepsia de ausencia juvenil (13,9%) y la epilepsia de ausencia infantil (13,9%). Un 71,29% estaba en monoterapia y un 20,79% en politerapia, con diferencias entre los diferentes síndromes (p=0,001). El fármaco más utilizado fue el ácido valproico. El 39,6% presentaba remisión de crisis a los 5 años, pero no observamos diferencias significativas entre los diferentes síndromes (p=0,982). La tasa de recurrencia fue del 71,4% tras retirada de tratamiento.ConclusionesLa epilepsia mioclónica juvenil fue el subtipo de EGI más frecuente. Observamos diferencias significativas en cuanto a politerapia entre los diferentes síndromes, aunque no en las tasas de remisión al año y a los 5 años. La mayoría de pacientes a los que se retiró la medicación antiepiléptica recidivaron. (AU)

Introduction: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGI) are an electroclinical syndrome that includes four subsyndromes according to the ILAE 2017 classification. The long-term prognosis of these syndromes is uncertain due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of the studies. The objective of this study is to analyze the long-term prognosis of these syndromes, pharmacological treatment and the seizure recurrence.MethodObservational and retrospective study of a serie of patients diagnosed with EGI. Epidemiological variables, pharmacological treatment, freedom of seizures and recurrence after withdrawal of treatment were collected.ResultsWe included 101 patients, the majority women (56.4%), with a median evolution of epilepsy of 17 years (interquartile range: 7–31). The most frequent syndrome was juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (46.5%), followed by epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (25.7%), juvenile absence epilepsy (13.9%) and childhood absence epilepsy (13.9%). The 71.29% were on monotherapy and 20.79% on polytherapy, with significant differences between the different syndromes (P=.001). The most widely used drug was valproic acid. 39.6% presented seizure remission at 5 years, but we did not observe significant differences between the different syndromes (P=.982). The recurrence rate was 71.4% after withdrawal of treatment.ConclusionJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy was the most frequent subtype of IGE. We observed significant differences in terms of polytherapy in the different syndromes, although not in the rates of remission of seizures at one year and at five years. The majority of patients with treatment withdrawal relapsed. (AU)

[Sexual attitudes and violence in students of the University of Huelva]. / Actitudes sexuales y violencia en estudiantes de la Universidad de Huelva.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual attitudes are related to the norms and customs that are considered appropriate according to the era in which one lives, usually showing themselves more restrictive for women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze how sexual attitudes (erotophilia-erotophobia and sexual double standards) may predispose to sexual violence (attitudes in favor of rape). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 868 students from the University of Huelva (723 women and 145 men), aged between 17 and 57 years. The Double Moral Scale, the Rape Favorable Attitude Scale and the Revised Sexual Opinion Survey were used. RESULTS: People who are more erotophilic are bisexuals (x̄=99.10) and people who consider themselves left-wing in politics (x̄=96.91). The highest double standards scores are obtained by men (x̄=18.50), master's students (x̄=18.58), asexuals (x̄=20.50) and people who consider themselves centrist (x̄=18.24). In terms of pro-rape attitudes, men (x̄=37.72), heterosexuals (x̄=33.29) and people who consider themselves right-wing (x̄=37.35) stand out. The differences found between the groups are statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is confirmed that sexual attitudes can predispose to sexual violence, which shows the need to continue working in this line in order to promote pleasurable sexual experiences.

[Idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Analysis of 101 patients]. / Epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas: análisis de 101 pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGI) are an electroclinical syndrome that includes four subsyndromes according to the ILAE 2017 classification. The long-term prognosis of these syndromes is uncertain due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of the studies. The objective of this study is to analyze the long-term prognosis of these syndromes, pharmacological treatment and the seizure recurrence. METHOD: Observational and retrospective study of a serie of patients diagnosed with EGI. Epidemiological variables, pharmacological treatment, freedom of seizures and recurrence after withdrawal of treatment were collected. RESULTS: We included 101 patients, the majority women (56.4%), with a median evolution of epilepsy of 17 years (interquartile range: 7-31). The most frequent syndrome was juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (46.5%), followed by epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (25.7%), juvenile absence epilepsy (13.9%) and childhood absence epilepsy (13.9%). The 71.29% were on monotherapy and 20.79% on polytherapy, with significant differences between the different syndromes (P=.001). The most widely used drug was valproic acid. 39.6% presented seizure remission at 5 years, but we did not observe significant differences between the different syndromes (P=.982). The recurrence rate was 71.4% after withdrawal of treatment. CONCLUSION: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy was the most frequent subtype of IGE. We observed significant differences in terms of polytherapy in the different syndromes, although not in the rates of remission of seizures at one year and at five years. The majority of patients with treatment withdrawal relapsed.

Intergroup attitudes and contact between Spanish and immigrant-background adolescents using network analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship among different evaluative reactions of the intergroup attitudes and contact in Spanish adolescents evaluating different ethnic minorities and in immigrant-background adolescents evaluating Spanish youth. This study was based on psychosocial models of great impact in the study of intergroup relations such as the Stereotype Content Model and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map, and incorporated a new approach to the study of attitudes: psychological networks. In total, 1122 Spanish adolescents and 683 adolescents with an immigrant background (Moroccan, Romanian or Ecuadorian origin) participated in the study, aged from 12 to 19 years. They answered a questionnaire with measures of stereotype dimensions (morality, immorality, sociability and competence), emotions (positives and negative), behavioral tendencies (facilitation and harm) and contact (quantity and quality). The results show similar structural patterns in the six studied groups, with emotions acting as links between stereotypes and behavioral tendencies. Moreover, positive and negative stereotype dimensions appeared as independent dimensions that were part of different processes: sociability and morality, and competence to a lesser extent, were related to facilitation behaviors through positive emotions, while immorality was related to harm behaviors through negative emotions. This could indicate that, to achieve successful intergroup relations involving cooperation and the development of friendly relationships, it would be appropriate to intervene in parallel in these two pathways. Due to the centrality of positive emotions (and sociability and immorality) and, therefore, their capacity to affect the entire network, focusing interventions on these variables could be an appropriate strategy to achieve overall positive attitudes.

Kinetics, Products, and Brown Carbon Formation by Aqueous-Phase Reactions of Glycolaldehyde with Atmospheric Amines and Ammonium Sulfate.

Glycolaldehyde (GAld) is a C2 water-soluble aldehyde produced during the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and many other species and is commonly found in cloudwater. Previous work has established that glycolaldehyde evaporates more readily from drying aerosol droplets containing ammonium sulfate (AS) than does glyoxal, methylglyoxal, or hydroxyacetone, which implies that it does not oligomerize as quickly as these other species. Here, we report NMR measurements of glycolaldehyde's aqueous-phase reactions with AS, methylamine, and glycine. Reaction rate constants are smaller than those of respective glyoxal and methylglyoxal reactions in the pH range of 3-6. In follow-up cloud chamber experiments, deliquesced glycine and AS seed particles were found to take up glycolaldehyde and methylamine and form brown carbon. At very high relative humidity, these changes were more than 2 orders of magnitude faster than predicted by our bulk liquid NMR kinetics measurements, suggesting that reactions involving surface-active species at crowded air-water interfaces may play an important role. The high-resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of filter extracts of unprocessed AS + GAld seed particles identified sugar-like C6 and C12 GAld oligomers, including proposed product 3-deoxyglucosone, with and without modification by reactions with ammonia to diimine and imidazole forms. Chamber exposure to methylamine gas, cloud processing, and simulated sunlight increased the incorporation of both ammonia and methylamine into oligomers. Many C4-C16 imidazole derivatives were detected in an extract of chamber-exposed aerosol along with a predominance of N-derivatized C6 and C12 glycolaldehyde oligomers, suggesting that GAld is capable of forming brown carbon SOA.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Evidence from across the world suggests that the pediatric population shows different clinical manifestations and has a lower risk of severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adults. However, Mexico has one of the highest mortality rates in the pediatric population due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, our objective was to explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics associated with a positive confirmatory test in the Mexican pediatric population admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Methods: Clinical, imaging and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from 121 children hospitalized during the period from March 4th, 2020, to August 8th, 2021. The patients were identified as suspicious cases according to the guidelines of the General Directorate of Epidemiology of Mexico. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were used to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, and propensity score matching was performed to determine univariate and multivariate odds ratios of the population regarding a positive vs. negative SARS-CoV-2 result. Results: Of the 121 children, 36 had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main risk for SARS-CoV-2-associated pediatric hospitalization was contact with a family member with SARS-CoV-2. It was also found that fever and fatigue were statistically significantly associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test in multivariate models. Clinical and laboratory data in this Mexican hospitalized pediatric cohort differ from other reports worldwide; the mortality rate (1.6%) of the population studied was higher than that seen in reports from other countries. Conclusion: Our study found that fever and fatigue at hospital presentation as well as an antecedent exposure to a family member with SARS-CoV-2 infection were important risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity in children at hospital admission.

Gas Exchange Impairment During COVID-19 Recovery.

BACKGROUND: Persistent impairment of pulmonary function and exercise capacity has been known to last for months or even years in the survivors who recovered from other coronavirus pneumonia. Some reports showed that subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia after being discharged could have several sequelae, but there are few studies on gas exchange and exercise capacity complications in these subjects. AIMS: To describe residual gas exchange abnormalities during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. METHODS: In an observational study, ∼90 d after onset of disease, we scheduled almost 200 subjects for an out-patient visit with pulmonary function testing and computed tomography of the lungs. Lung mechanics by using body plethysmography, gas exchange with diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide determined by the single-breath technique (DLCOsb) and diffusing lung capacity for nitric oxide determined by the single-breath technique (DLNOsb), and exercise ability by using the 6-min walk test (6MWT) were measured in the subjects. The results were compared between those who required invasive mechanical ventilation and those who did not. RESULTS: A total of 171 subjects were included, the majority (96%) had signs of residual pneumonia (such as an excess of high attenuation areas) on computed tomography of the lungs. The DLCOSB results were below the lower limit of the normal range in 29.2% of the subjects; during the 6MWT, 67% experienced oxygen desaturation ([Formula: see text]) > 4%; and, in 81 (47%), the dropped below 88%. Subjects who required invasive mechanical ventilation (49.7%) were more likely to have lower lung volumes, more gas exchange abnormality, less exercise capacity and more radiologic abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects who recovered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia continued to have abnormal lung function and abnormal radiologic findings.

Divertículo de Meckel perforado. Informe de caso / Perforated Meckel's diverticulum. Presentation of a case

Resumen: El divertículo de Meckel es la malformación congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal. Esta entidad nosológica se manifiesta de forma asintomática en casi la totalidad de los casos y se descubre como hallazgo incidental durante una intervención quirúrgica por otra causa. Si bien no hay diferencias según sexo en pacientes asintomáticos, los síntomas son más frecuentes entre los hombres. La forma sintomática, suele manifestarse como hemorragia digestiva, obstrucción intestinal o abdomen agudo (diverticulitis o perforación diverticular) por orden de frecuencia. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 23 años de edad operado de un divertículo de Meckel perforado. La presentación de un divertículo de Meckel perforado en adultos es infrecuente y su diganóstico preoperatorio es excepcional, no obstante, resulta importante el conocimiento de esta entidad para valorarla dentro de las posibilidades diagnósticas, en aquellos pacientes que aquejen síntomas relacionados con sus complicaciones.

Abstract: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract. This nosological entity manifests itself asymptomatically in almost all cases and is discovered as an incidental finding during a surgical intervention for another cause. Although there are no differences according to sex in asymptomatic patients, the symptoms are more frequent among men. The symptomatic form usually manifests as digestive bleeding, intestinal obstruction or acute abdomen (diverticulitis or diverticular perforation) in order of frequency. A 23-year-old male patient operated on for a perforated Meckel's diverticulum was presented as a case report. The presentation of a perforated Meckel's diverticulum in adults is rare and its preoperative diagnosis is exceptional, however, knowledge of this entity is important to have it within the diagnostic possibilities, in those patients who have symptoms related to its complications.

Study of Polyaniline/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite Deposits Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance for the Modification of a Commercial Anion Exchange Membrane.

One of the intended applications for the modification of ion exchange membranes with polyaniline (PAni) is to use it as a matrix to include chemical species that confer a special property such as resistance to fouling or ion selectivity. In particular, the inclusion of polyelectrolyte molecules into the PAni matrix appears to be the way to modulate these properties of selective membranes. Therefore, it must be clearly understood how the polyelectrolyte is incorporated into the matrix of polyaniline. Among the results obtained in this paper using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, the amount of polyelectrolyte incorporated into PAni is found to be proportional to the PSS concentration in solution if its value is between 0 and 20 mM, while it reaches a maximum value when the PSS in solution is greater than 20 mM. When the anion exchange membranes are modified with these composite deposits, the transport number of chloride was found to decrease progressively (when the PSS concentration in solution is between 0 and 20 mM) to reach a practically constant value when a concentration of PSS greater than 20 mM was used.

The Meaning of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of South American Immigrant Parents.

Physical activity facilitates the acquisition of healthy habits from childhood to adulthood. There are differences in the practice of physical activity between immigrant children and native Spanish children. The aim was to describe physical activity in children, from the perspective of South American immigrant parents. A qualitative case study was conducted. Parents were recruited using purposeful sampling. Data were collected from 12 participants by means of unstructured interviews together with researcher notes. A thematic analysis was applied. The following topics were identified: (a) physical activity and health, (b) socialization, (c) the need for movement, (d) gender, (e) barriers, (f) educational burden, (g) community living, and (h) reason for immigrating. Parents described how physical activity is fundamental and has benefits for health, and for the relationship between children. They perceived that physical activity should not be limited by gender. The time dedicated to other school activities, the norms related to community living, and financial limitations were especially relevant as barriers for the performance of physical activity. These results can be used to revise the curriculum in schools, promote equal opportunities for physical activity and support family participation.

Functional Respiratory Evaluation in the COVID-19 Era: The Role of Pulmonary Function Test Laboratories.

The pandemic character of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) requires strategy changes designed to guarantee the safety of patients and health-care professionals. We are greatly concerned by the limitations in the operation of pulmonary function test (PFT) laboratories, since there is a high risk of disease progression in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, and we are now faced by the influx of a new group of individuals in the recovery phase of post-COVID-19-syndrome that requires evaluation and follow-up of their respiratory function. To reestablish the operation of PFT laboratories limiting the risk of cross-contamination, we herein present the consensus reached by a group of experts in respiratory physiology, most of whom work in PFT laboratories in several Latin American countries, on the applicable recommendations for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia survivors when undergoing PFT. We present the safety and hygiene measures that must be adopted in laboratories or centers where PFT is conducted in adults and/or children. These recommendations answer the following questions: which PFT is most recommended in subjects that have recovered from COVID-19; what quality control and safety measures should PFT laboratories implement during this pandemic? And how should we approach non-COVID-19 patients requiring PFT?